-Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic organisms and agents are the leading cause of death worldwide and a major cause of death in US
-Interestingly, greater than 60% of the world’s population is infected with parasitic helminths (nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms), and trematodes (flukes)) although many show mild or no symptoms
-In this lab, we identified microscopic pathogens and described the main features of the disease caused by each pathogen including: etiologic agent, symptoms (sx), and mode(s) of transmission.
1. Pathogen =Neisseria gonorrhoeae (smear of pus discharge)
-Disease= Gonorrhea
-Etiologic agent= Gram-diplococcus (bacterium)
- Sx= May be subclinical, pus discharge from ureathra, painful urination, scarring may lead to sterility and ectopic pregnancy, possible PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) in females
-Modes of Transmission:
1. Sexually transmitted Disease (STD)
2. Mother to baby= ophthalmia neonatorum = baby gets eye infection of gonorrhea as it passes through birth canal
Gonorrhea-notice the little dots-those are Neisseria gonorrhoeae the red puffy cells are neutrophils
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea 2. Pathogen= Taenia solium (muscle tissue- find cysticerus ie. cyst)
- Disease= Cysticercosis
- Etiologic agent=tape worm (cestode)
-Sx= worms stay in muscle and dont cause symptoms, but can create cysts (lesions) at site of infection which include muscle, brain, eye, and heart
-Mode of transmission= Fecal/oral
Big circular thing in middle 3. Pathogen= Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (in blood smear)
Disease= African trypanosomiasis/African sleeping sicknes
Etiologic agent=protozoa
Sx= 2 phases
1. Haemolymphatic phase= enlarged lymph nodes, anemia, endocrine, cardiac, and kidney dysfunctions
2. Neurological phase= invades NS= disrupted sleep cycle, daytime slumber and night insomnia, coma
Mode of Transmission= fly=Tsetse fly
purple worm looking things 4. Pathogen= Ascaris lumbricoides (fecal smear- find mammillated eggs)
-Disease= Ascariasis
-Etiologic agent= Nematode= roundworm
- Sx= usually no sx, but can include bloody sputum, shortness of breath, vomiting worms, worms exiting nose/mouth, worms in stool, skin rash
-Mode of transmission=Fecal/oral
the one on left5. Pathogen= Epstein-Barr virus (blood smear- find Downey cells)
*note- Downey cells= deranged lymphocytes= misshapen cell and nucleus of lymphocyte
Disease= Infectious mononucleosis (ie. mono)
Etiologic agent= virus
Sx= flu like symptoms, possible jaundice
Modes of transmission= oral transmission through saliva
one in middle is a Downey cell 
Zoom out of picture above, this is what slide looks like, its a blood smear
Downey cells were kind of hard to identify
6. Pathogen= Bacillus anthracis(in lung tissue)
-Disease=Anthrax
-Etiologic agent= Gram + rod=bacterium
-Sx= fever, cough, shortness breath, shock
-Mode of transmission- since we are looking at lung tissue, mode of transmission= inhalation= airborne
Bacillus anthracis are the long purple rods clustered near edge of tissue 
7. Pathogen= Plasmodium falciparum (blood smear-seen as purple dot or "loop" within RBC)
- Disease= Malaria
-Etiologic agent=protozoa
-Sx= flu like symptoms, anemia, bloody stool, coma, jaundice, muscle pain
-Mode of transmission= mosquitos
8. Schistosoma mansoni (fecal smear- find egg)
Disease= Schistosomiasis
Etiologic agent= trematode= flatworm
Sx= Liver/spleen enlargement, itchy rash on skin, frequent/painful/bloody urination
Modes of transmission= contact with contaminated water (guessing Fecal/oral)
9. Pathogen= Candida albicans (smear of discharge)
-Disease= Candidiasis/ Vaginal yeast infection/thrush
-Etiologic agent= yeast=fungus
- Sx= vulval itching, soreness, irritation, vaginal discharge (thick and white like cottage cheese)
- Modes of transmission - this disease is NOT transmissible (ie. noncommunicable)-bc:
-it is a normal flora of the vagina
- problems occur when normal flora are off balance ex. like after taking antibiotics
10. Pathogen= Giardia lamblia (fecal smear-find trophozoite= what it looks like during stage inside person= looks like a teardrop)
-Disease= Giardiasis
-Etiologic agent= protozoa
- Sx= Gas/bloating, loss of appetite, swollen (distended) abdomen, vomiting
-Mode of transmission= fecal oral
Note* these are the pictures I took in class, and its really hard to find the trophozoite- if you look kinda in the middle there is a round dark greenish dot, and just above that is the trophozoite -like I said, it is really hard to see
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